India-Pakistan relations and Its Solution

India Pakistan relations

​The year 1947 witnessed a dramatic change, i.e. birth of new nation, Pakistan from the mother country, India. The deployment was led by the British government to divide the nations. One of the Charismatic leaders among the pro-Pakistan group was Muhammad Ali Jinnah, a close mate of Jawaharlal Nehru, who could see the domination of Hindu culture among the minority, Muslim. Pakistan was created on the basis of two nation theory. The relation between both the nations has been dramatic and hostile, also witnessed ups and down, since existence. The India and Pakistan relation could be divided into three phases:

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Between 1947- 1980 Period
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​This period has witnessed among the worst ties between them where the issue of Kashmir was more dominated and disputed political boundary of the state.  The problem of state sponsored militia group against the India, where India claimed that, Pakistan is the breeding ground for terrorist and it’s uses for their  own benefit against India, activities by the terrorist group leads to halt in the peaceful dialogue among the nations.  
In the year 1947 India had a direct confrontation with the Pakistan on the Kashmir Issue and it was year 1965 which witnessed direct confrontation for the second time on same burning issue of Kashmir. Hostilities intensified that August when the Pakistani army attempted to take Kashmir by force. The attempt was failed to seize the state and the second India – Pakistan war reached a state stalemate.

​When Pakistani army attacked Kashmir, India moved quickly to internationalize the regional issue at the gate of united nation organization. The Security Council passed resolution 211 on September 20 calling for an end to the fighting and negotiations on the settlement on disputed Kashmir. The decision of United Nations to put ban on arms supply was adopted by USA and UK, This has affected both the nations, but Pakistan was the most sufferer because it has much weaker military in comparison to India.  UN resolution and the halting of arms sales had an immediate impact. India the nations accepted the ceasefire on September 21 and Pakistan on September 22, 1965. The ceasefire agreement did not resolve the problem, it was Soviet Union. As a third party who mediated the issue. Negotiations in Tashkent concluded in January 1966. With both sides giving up territorial claims, rolling back their army from disputed area. 

​The year of 1971 witnessed worst ties between both the countries, in which they confronted directly for the third time. The war of 1971 that occurred during the liberation war in east Pakistan, in which the party headed by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman won the election, but election was null and void by Pakistan and later on he was assassinated as well. The war started with preemptive aerial strikes on 11 Indian air stations, which developed into commencement of hostilities with the Pakistan and Indian entry into the war of Independence in East Pakistan on the side of Bengali nationalist forces. It was the shortest period of History lasted for only 13 days, but the destruction was huge especially the ties in India and Pakistan.
In the year 1972, Shimla agreement between the Government of India and the government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan was signed on bilateral relations. It followed from the Bangladesh Liberation war in 1971 that led to the born of Bangladesh, erstwhile known as East Pakistan. 

India and Pakistan both need peace for their development

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Between 1980 to 2000 Period
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​The first decade of 1980 to 1990 was quite peaceful where there was no direct confrontation among the two nations, the bilateral ties between two were improving to some extent, where the cases of only violation of ceasefire agreement witnessed. Diplomatic relation among two nations was on the peak time, where everything was going great and confrontation was very less.
The demolition of Babri masjid by Hindu fanatics on December 6, 1992 made Muslims across the world observe martyrdom of the mosque every year on this day, demolition of Babri Masjid, it was Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP), Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) , Bajrang dal collectively who played active role in demolition.
The year 1999, has worst ties among the two nations where they directly indulge in war known as Kargil war, or Kargil Conflict, war took place between may and July of 1999 in Jammu and Kashmir district. This conflict is believed to have an orchestrated by the then Pakistan Army chief General Parvej Musharaf without the Knowledge of the then Prime Minister Nawaj Sharif, the war began with the infiltration of both Pakistani troops and terrorists into Indian Territory, this time as well Pakistan at the bay which suffered a lot. 

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2000 Till date

​After the Kargil war, Politicians from both the side tried their best to develop good ties between them, especially the initiative taken from the then, Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, he toured Pakistan many times to improve bilateral ties. In this period bus and train services also started to improve relation, but the violation of ceasefire agreement was on continuous from both the sides, which was a huddle for both the nation and also state sponsored fanatics from Pakistan side.
After the attack in Mumbai 26/11, the ties between both the countries again got at worsening situation, where diplomatic ties cut off, because the attack was sponsored by Hafiz Saeed, an islamist cleric, who heads Jamaat-ud-Dawa (JUD), his name was under united terrorist group and has a $10 Million US bounty on his head, later on in the year 2017 he was released. India alleges that it’s Pakistan who is sponsoring a militia group like Jamaat-ud-Dawa against us.  In Mumbai attack several people were killed, almost 166 people, in which 10 Gunmen ran rampage over several days. The attack on Indian army bases like Pathankot and Uri, had led to worsening of ties among two nations, where India responded by Surgical strikes on Terrorist group. 

​Civil society from both the nations can play important role in improving the ties, but we have witnessed how Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), India based group, which have targeted Pakistan every time, whether there was involvement by them or not, this organization also indulge in radicalizing the people especially against the Muslim, Although organization like Jamaat-ud-Dawa claims that, it is a charity organization, but according to USA It is front for Laskar-e-Taiba, an anti Jihadi group that Saeed found in the 1990s. Civil Society run by Hafeez  Saeed, which controls many universities and schools like RSS in India, they both can play important role but they are doing exact opposite of that and also bringing enmity among people for each other.
 
It was stated by China that Shangai Cooperation Organization can play important role to bring friendship among India and Pakistan through trade and commerce. SAARC has already failed in bringing peace among India and Pakistan through trade and commerce, SAARC has already failed in bringing peace among the two, where the activities of terrorism has dominated every time, also leads to boycotting in attending SAARC summit.
The temperature of cricket match could be clearly observed in the player, how they react with each other, fighting, abusing, sledging has become normal, because of terrorist activities, there is halt in India-Pakistan matches, it was year 2013 when they had bilateral match series, since then we couldn’t see any possibilities of organizing cricket match series at their soil either India or Pakistan.
The people are so good across the side but it’s the radical activities, sponsoring of terrorism and also politicians which are adding in worsening the situation and it’s a small chunk of Muslim, because of them whole community is defamed. 

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Solution of the Problem
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​Active role of Civilised society to nurture their Children who could do something better for them but since childhood they are trained that Pakistan is our enemy, Exactly same thing at the other side to hate and defame.
The initiative taken by the Punjab government to open Kartarpur corridor, to boost up friendly environment between the countries that would automatically help in bilateral ties.
Dialogue is the only way to improve bilateral ties among two great nations, which have born out from each other, there were so much ups and downs in the relationship, there is no requirement of third party in settling the disputes whether it’s USA, UNO or anyone else.
Settling the disputes of Kashmir anyhow and also strict action against the terrorist and radical group can lead to the friendly environment with each other, terrorist have killed innocent civilian from across the border, this problem is much bigger than what one expect and also the problem of poverty which gives a way of radicalization, tackling it could help bilateral ties.
Mr. Imran Khan has delivered at many occasions in cricket arena, now it’s up to him how he delivers improving the relation with India. India has showed much of expectation from him, but the time will tell whether he comes out from the domination of Pakistani army or not.